Sunday, November 11, 2007

Respects

We were a bit startled when we read a news report by a major national daily quoting the president as saying that senior military leaders should respect their juniors.

The statement came several days after some retired high-ranking military officers, led by former commander of the Indonesian Armed Forces and vice president, Try Sutrisno, criticized President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono for his apparent lack of focus in carrying out his tasks as the country’s top executive.

Such a criticism actually has been aired and quoted by the media on several occasions before. In fact, it was not only the senior military leaders who criticized the president because some academics, politicians, analysts had also done the same thing.

Therefore, it was not really clear why the president specifically asked the senior military leaders to respect their juniors—something which must be read as those with military background and today still hold public offices—but did not ask the same thing from others.

We were confused because, in our humble opinion, Yudhoyono could have just treated the criticisms by his senior as the normal political exercises in today’s democratic Indonesia. Therefore, he could have just listened and digested whether there was any truth in them. If not, he could simply ignore them. If there was, he should do something about it.

Everything became even more confusing because the president could also be seen as somebody who asked for respects while we believe that respects are something that he must win, not ask.

Respects can easily come for government officials—especially Yudhoyono who won the presidency by popular supports—if they work hard to fulfill their promises, if they stay on track to reach the commonly agreed objectives, and if they can continue to listen to people’s aspirations.

Yudhoyono, we believe, has the capacity to win all the respects he wants because he is an intellectual and is known to be a die-hard supporter of democratic principles and he surely can make bold decisions—if he wants to.

He still has at least 1.5 years to go to further boost the spirit to fulfill his promises and reach the set objectives.

Of course, 1.5 years is not a very long period but it will be enough for him to meet most of people’s expectations before he enters another battle field: the 2009 presidential race.

Saturday, November 10, 2007

Tuanku Imam Bonjol -- REVISITED

ABOUT HERO, HEROISM, HUMAN IMPERFECTNESS AND HISTORICAL INTEPRETATION .... (IN BAHASA INDONESIA)!

Imam Bonjol, Dikenang Sekaligus Digugat

Oleh Suryadi

Selama 62 tahun Indonesia merdeka, nama Tuanku Imam Bonjol hadir di ruang publik bangsa: sebagai nama jalan, nama stadion, nama universitas, bahkan di lembaran Rp5.000 keluaran Bank Indonesia 6 November 2001.

Tuanku Imam Bonjol (TIB) (1722-1864), yang diangkat sebagai pahlawan nasional berdasarkam SK Presiden RI Nomor 087/TK/Tahun 1973, 6 November 1973, adalah pemimpin utama Perang Paderi di Sumatera Barat (1803-1837) yang gigih melawan Belanda.

Namun, baru-baru ini muncul petisi, menggugat gelar kepahlawanannya. TIB dituduh melanggar HAM karena pasukan Paderi menginvasi Tanah Batak (1816-1833) yang menewaskan "jutaan" orang di daerah itu (
http://www.petitiononline.com/bonjol/petition.html).

Kekejaman Paderi disorot dengan diterbitkannya buku MO Parlindungan, Pongkinangolngolan Sinamabela Gelar Tuanku Rao: Teror Agama Islam Mazhab Hambali di Tanah Batak, 1816-1833 (2006) (Edisi pertama terbit 1964, yang telah dikritisi Hamka, 1974), kemudian menyusul karya Basyral Hamidy Harahap, Greget Tuanku Rao (2007).

Kedua penulisnya, kebetulan dari Tanah Batak, menceritakan penderitaan nenek moyangnya dan orang Batak umumnya selama serangan tentara Paderi 1816-1833 di daerah Mandailing, Bakkara, dan sekitarnya (Tempo, Oktober 2007).

Munculnya koreksi terhadap wacana sejarah Indonesia belakangan ini mencuatkan kritisisme terhadap konsep pahlawan nasional. Kaum intelektual dan akademis, khususnya sejarawan, adalah pihak yang paling bertanggung jawab jika evaluasi wacana historis itu hanya mengakibatkan munculnya friksi di tingkat dasar yang berpotensi
memecah belah bangsa ini.

Ujung pena kaum akademis harus tajam, tetapi teks-teks hasil torehannya seyogianya tidak mengandung "hawa panas". Itu sebabnya dalam tradisi akademis, kata-kata bernuansa subyektif dalam teks ilmiah harus disingkirkan si penulis.

Setiap generasi berhak menafsirkan sejarah (bangsa)-nya sendiri. Namun, generasi baru bangsa ini-yang hidup dalam imaji globalisme-harus menyadari, negara-bangsa apa pun di dunia memerlukan mitos-mitos pengukuhan. Mitos pengukuhan itu tidak buruk. Ia adalah unsur penting yang di-ada-kan sebagai "perekat" bangsa. Sosok pahlawan nasional, seperti Pangeran Diponegoro, Sultan Hasanuddin, Sisingamangaraja XII, juga TIB, dan lainnya adalah bagian dari mitos pengukuhan bangsa Indonesia.

Jeffrey Hadler dalam "An History of Violence and Secular State in Indonesia: Tuanku Imam Bondjol and Uses of History" (akan terbit dalam Journal of Asian Studies, 2008) menunjukkan, kepahlawanan TIB telah dibentuk sejak awal kemerdekaan hingga zaman Orde Baru, setidaknya terkait tiga kepentingan.

Pertama, menciptakan mitos tokoh hero yang gigih melawan Belanda sebagai bagian wacana historis pemersatu bangsa.

Kedua, mengeliminasi wacana radikalisme Islam dalam upaya menciptakan negara-bangsa yang toleran terhadap keragaman agama dan budaya.

Ketiga, "merangkul" kembali etnis Minang ke haribaan Indonesia yang telah mendapat stigma negatif dalam pandangan pusat akibat peristiwa PRRI.

Kita tak yakin, sudah adakah biji zarah keindonesiaan di zaman perjuangan TIB dan tokoh lokal lain yang hidup sezaman dengannya, yang kini dikenal sebagai pahlawan nasional.

Kita juga tahu pada zaman itu perbudakan adalah bagian sistem sosial dan beberapa kerajaan tradisional Nusantara melakukan ekspansi teritorial dengan menyerang beberapa kerajaan tetangga. Para pemimpin lokal berperang melawan Belanda karena didorong semangat kedaerahan, bahkan mungkin dilatarbelakangi keinginan untuk mempertahankan hegemoni sebagai penguasa yang mendapat saingan akibat kedatangan bangsa Barat. Namun, mereka akhirnya menjadi pahlawan nasional karena bangsa memerlukan mitos pemersatu.

Tak dapat dimungkiri, Perang Paderi meninggalkan kenangan heroik sekaligus traumatis dalam memori bangsa. Selama sekitar 20 tahun pertama perang itu (1803-1821) praktis yang berbunuhan adalah sesama orang Minangkabau dan Mandailing atau Batak umumnya.

Campur tangan Belanda dalam perang itu ditandai dengan penyerangan Simawang dan Sulit Air oleh pasukan Kapten Goffinet dan Kapten Dienema awal April 1821 atas perintah Residen James du Puy di Padang. Kompeni melibatkan diri dalam perang itu karena "diundang" kaum Adat.

Pada 21 Februari 1821 mereka resmi menyerahkan wilayah darek (pedalaman Minangkabau) kepada Kompeni dalam perjanjian yang diteken di Padang, sebagai kompensasi kepada Belanda yang bersedia membantu melawan kaum Paderi. Ikut "mengundang" sisa keluarga Dinasti Pagaruyung di bawah pimpinan Sultan Muningsyah yang selamat dari pembunuhan oleh pasukan Paderi yang dipimpin Tuanku Pasaman di Koto Tangah, dekat Batu Sangkar, pada 1815 (bukan 1803 seperti disebut Parlindungan, 2007:136-41).

Namun, sejak awal 1833 perang berubah menjadi perang antara kaum Adat dan kaum Agama melawan Belanda. Memorie Tuanku Imam Bonjol (MTIB)- transliterasinya oleh Sjafnir Aboe Nain (Padang: PPIM, 2004), sebuah sumber pribumi yang penting tentang Perang Paderi yang cenderung diabaikan sejarawan selama ini-mencatat, bagaimana kedua pihak bahu-membahu melawan Belanda.

Pihak-pihak yang semula bertentangan akhirnya bersatu melawan Belanda. Di ujung penyesalan muncul kesadaran, mengundang Belanda dalam konflik justru menyengsarakan masyarakat Minangkabau sendiri.

Dalam MTIB, terefleksi rasa penyesalan TIB atas tindakan kaum Paderi atas sesama orang Minang dan Mandailing. TIB sadar, perjuangannya sudah melenceng dari ajaran agama. "Adapun hukum Kitabullah banyaklah yang terlampau dek oleh kita. Bagaimana pikiran kita?" (Adapun banyak hukum Kitabullah yang sudah terlangkahi oleh kita. Bagaimana pikiran kalian?), tulis TIB dalam MTIB (hal 39).

Penyesalan dan perjuangan heroik TIB bersama pengikutnya melawan Belanda yang mengepung Bonjol dari segala jurusan selama sekitar enam bulan (16 Maret-17 Agustus 1837)-seperti rinci dilaporkan De Salis dalam Het einde Padri Oorlog: Het beleg en de vermeestering van Bondjol 1834-1837: Een bronnenpublicatie [Akhir Perang Paderi: Pengepungan dan Perampasan Bonjol 1834-1837; Sebuah Publikasi Sumber] (2004):
59-183-mungkin dapat dijadikan pertimbangan untuk memberi maaf bagi kesalahan dan kekhilafan yang telah diperbuat TIB.

Kini bangsa inilah yang harus menentukan, apakah TIB akan tetap ditempatkan atau diturunkan dari "tandu kepahlawanan nasional" yang telah "diarak" oleh generasi terdahulu bangsa ini dalam kolektif memori mereka.

Suryadi Dosen dan Peneliti pada Opleiding Talen en Culturen van Zuidoost-Aziƫ en Oceaniƫ, Universiteit Leiden, Belanda

Kompas - 10 November 2007

Thursday, November 8, 2007

Pheeeww....

Seharian ini aku merasa luar biasa mual. Entah karena apa...mungkin diathermy-ku, mungkin obat-obatan yg harus kuminum, mungkin juga "suasana hati"-ku secara keseluruhan....

Bahkan rasanya aku harus berjuang ekstra keras hanya untuk menuliskan dua editorial untuk edisi esok. Hingga pukul 19.00 aku baru menyelesaikan satu di antaranya. Even then, it was not something that I could be proud of...

Oh ya, hari ini rupanya Muki gak praktek...Something that has made me slightly relieved...paling gak, kalo aku hrs nunggu dua, tiga hari lagi, aku akan merasa lebih "siap"...

Melihat newsroom, aku gak tau apa aku hrs kasihan atau hrs luar biasa bangga pada teman-teman (termasuk mereka yg di unit art dan paginasi) for sticking with us despite all the uncertainties that are still looming in the air....

Tampaknya tak seorangpun bisa memprediksi hari-hari yg akan kita lalui ke depan. Apakah "semangat" saja cukup memadai? Rasanya koq gak adil juga kalo meminta semua utk terus menjaga semangat dlm suasana seperti ini....

Aku mungkin tdk punya pilihan lain krn ini kan 'a mixture of everything': business, passion, idealims, hobby, the only thing we professionally know and care about, ego...you name it, laahh...

OK, It's almost 11 now. Time to pack things up and go home. Hopefully tomorrow will be better. Paling tidak rasa mual-ku yg luar biasa bisa agak berkurang dan aku bisa tidur agak lelap.

Nite everybody!

Wednesday, November 7, 2007

Waakkkk....Gotta see M.R. tomorrow

Waak....time to see Muki Reksoprodjo tomorrow...Meaning I have to get up early in the morning, get ready, and get myself off to MMC in Kuningan....

If only I still worked for the European Union's SCHS Project, a trip to MMC would have been easier....

Now that I'm stupid enough to try to keep my latest venture floating, reaching MMC from my home, or even my office, is already a struggle in itself...

Gee, I don't know what's he's gonna say tomorrow. I can only hope--or pray?--that nothing is "very wrong" with me.

Meantime, I still have two diathermy to go...

Tuesday, November 6, 2007

Loans

We have continued to receive loans to alleviate poverty in this country. The latest one was from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) which provided no less than US$400 million to cover health and education programs for the poor.

What does the loan mean? That an institution like ADB still trust us? Or that we have really been unsuccessful in eradicating poverty that we must continue to rely on ADB and others?

According to the Statistics Agency, BPS, there are no less than 36 million people who must be included in the category of poor in Indonesia today. Other sources have put the figure at as high as 71 million.

If the authorities cannot agree on the number of poor people in this country, probably it is too much to expect them to be able to take care of the poverty alleviation programs.

On one occasion they even admitted that their target, a poverty level of 8.2% by 2009, is unattainable. The current economic growth rate of around 5%-6% is insufficient to provide all new job-seekers with employment, let alone dent Indonesia's huge unemployment tally.

For the record: the government's definition of poverty—less money than is needed to afford a diet of 2,100 calories a day—is Rp152,847 (US$16.80) a month. This measure is well below the more-widely used benchmark of US$1 a day.

While ADB has its “noble” objectives, we must also underscore the fact that what the institution gave us was a loan, not a grant, something that we must, in the end, repay.

If we don’t properly manage the ADB loan—as well as those from other donor countries or agencies—we may end up having more difficulties instead of solutions in the future.

One thing ironic was while we, on one hand, always say that we are short of funds to handle poverty eradication programs, on the other we seem to have so many—some even say unlimited—fund sources for political activities like gubernatorial or district head elections.

Even the newly sworn-in KPU members already requested for budget of almost Rp48 trillion to run the 2009 General Elections. An exorbitant elections budget indeed for a country with a large number of poor people!

The more, the merrier?

The 2009 general elections are still about 1.5 years away but the events look sure to be “merry” because so far no less than 79 political parties have registered themselves to take part in them.

The chairman of the General Elections Commission (KPU) Abdul Hafiz Anshary said of the 79, it seemed that at least 50 would be able to fulfill all the legal requirements, thus would be able to contest both the legislative and presidential elections.

In the 2004 general elections, “only” 24 parties took part. But even then, many people already said that the number was too big.

They must have made very good observation over the parties because it was proven later that out of the 24 parties, only seven could find their way to the 550 seats at the House of Representatives (DPR) and it was the seven which later were used as political vehicles by some candidates to try to grab the top executive seat in this country.

We could understand that there was an eagerness to set up political parties in the early days of the reform era. However, today, almost ten years have passed since we toppled an authoritarian regime. The euphoria, in our opinion, should have ended.

Today, we should have been able to see clearly that too many political parties will only lead to unnecessary fragmentation in the society although of course the parties can also be seen as the “representatives” of the country’s democratic system.

But democracy actually is just a tool, not an objective in itself. Therefore, if in the last nine years we already learned that there was hardly any compatibility in the multi-party legislature and the presidential system of governance, we should at least refrain ourselves from having too many parties.

After all, we have always been so fond of talking about quality instead of quantity. If our objective is to turn out quality—instead of “merry”—general elections, the first step that we must adopt obviously is to “limit”, through the existing legal system, the number of participants.

We must do it now, before the 2009 general elections. There is no need to wait any longer because it seems only the parties, and their activists, which benefit the most from their presence.

A recent survey clearly showed that the general public do not feel that the parties can channel—let alone fight for—their aspirations.

Sunday, November 4, 2007

In retrospect

... a.k.a. Kilas balik

Tanpa terasa sdh lebih 20 tahun berlalu sejak aku kerap berurusan dgn obsgyn. Dua puluh tahun tanpa kunjungan reguler, artinya tanpa check-up apapun. Sampai baru-baru ini aku merasa perlu melakukannya lagi, kala usia menginjak paruh kedua dr era "40s"-ku dan anak-anakku sdh memasuki usia 20-an mereka.

Agak terkejut jg menyaksikan bgmana my obsgyn has aged. Dan kemudian sadar bahwa kalau aku saja sdh di babak 40s, tentunya dia jg dia sdh di babak 60s. Usia yg cukup senior utk ukuran Indonesia.

Tiba-tiba saja ini jg menyadarkanku--lagi--tentang kefanaan, mortalitas, sesuatu yg sebenarnya sdh mulai terpikir secara sangat serius ketika aku menginjak usia pertengahan 30s.

Kunjungan terkiniku mengantarkanku pd sederet proses pengobatan yg sampai hal ini kutulis masih berlangsung.

Dlm proses ini pula aku menyadari adanya perubahan di kalangan pasien--dan perawat rumah sakit--di mana obsgynku berpraktek. Banyaknya kaum yg kuistilahkan sebagai "the jilbabers".

Duapuluh tahun lalu--dan aku sgt pasti akan hal ini--tak satupun pasien obsgynku (yg konon salah satu obsgyn paling laris en terkenal di negeri ini)--mengenakan jilbab, apalagi para perawatnya.

Skrg, plg tidak separuh dr pengunjung tetapnya adalah para "jilbabers" sementara satu, dua perawat yg umumnya sdh senior adalah pemakai jilbab juga. Pemandangan yg sungguh membuatku bertanya-tanya: What has actually happened in the last 20 years in terms of spirituality of the Indonesian people?

Kilas balik apa yg hrs kulakukan utk memahami fenomena ini?